Teardrop cells - Revision history

John at 19:26, 26 March 2023

2023-03-26T19:26:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:26, 26 March 2023
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	<gallery mode="nolines" widths="240px" heights="240px" border="1px" >		<gallery mode="nolines" widths="240px" heights="240px" border="1px" >
	File:TD1A.png\|link={{filepath:TD1A.png}}		File:TD1A.png\|link={{filepath:TD1A.png}}
	File:~~TD2~~.jpg\|link={{filepath:~~TD2~~.jpg}}		File:TD2A.jpg\|link={{filepath:TD2A.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>

John at 17:35, 26 March 2023

2023-03-26T17:35:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:35, 26 March 2023
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	~~__NOTOC__~~

	'''Derivation:''' ''Descriptive plus Greek poikilos [varied]''		'''Derivation:''' ''Descriptive plus Greek poikilos [varied]''

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	<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	'''Imaages''': Sometimes described as having a “pinched top”, but the resemblance to a tear drop is probably the best description. Note that most often the cell is otherwise a normal erythrocyte~~. Central~~ pallor is generally retained, but that other abnormal features (e.g. basophilic stippling, crenation, hypochromia) may all also occur. Features of infiltration or marrow hyperplasia may also be seen e.g. polychromasia, circulating nucleated red cells.		'''Imaages''': Sometimes described as having a “pinched top”, but the resemblance to a tear drop is probably the best description. Note that most often the cell is otherwise a normal erythrocyte with central pallor generally retained; but that other abnormal features (e.g. basophilic stippling, crenation, hypochromia) may all also occur. Features of infiltration or marrow hyperplasia may also be seen e.g. polychromasia, circulating nucleated red cells.
	</div>		</div>

John at 17:33, 26 March 2023

2023-03-26T17:33:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:33, 26 March 2023
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	<gallery mode="nolines" widths="240px" heights="240px" border="1px" >		<gallery mode="nolines" widths="240px" heights="240px" border="1px" >
	File:~~TD1~~.png\|link={{filepath:~~TD1~~.png}}		File:TD1A.png\|link={{filepath:TD1A.png}}
	File:TD2.jpg\|link={{filepath:TD2.jpg}}		File:TD2.jpg\|link={{filepath:TD2.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>

John at 10:44, 11 March 2023

2023-03-11T10:44:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:44, 11 March 2023
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	'''Clinical Examples'''		'''Clinical Examples'''



	<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >		<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
	File:TD3.jpg\|		File:TD3.jpg\|link={{filepath:TD3.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>


	'''Clinical Image 1:'''		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
			'''''Clinical Image 1: '''Very frequent tear drop forms (including a very small one – centre overlying other cells). This is caused by myelofibrosis. The diagnosis cannot be made from this small field, but note very high frequency of tear drop forms that my be typical of this condition. Clinical condition: myelofibrosis''
	Very frequent tear drop forms (including a very small one – centre overlying other cells). This is caused by myelofibrosis. The diagnosis cannot be made from this small field, but note very high frequency of tear drop forms that my be typical of this condition. Clinical condition: myelofibrosis		</span>


	<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >		<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
	File:TD4.jpg\|		File:TD4.jpg\|link={{filepath:TD4.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>


			<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	'''''Clinical Image 2:'''		'''''Clinical Image 2: '''Poorly-formed but recognisable tear drop cell amongst many abnormal erythrocytes and hypogranular platelets. Note also the bi-lobed (pseudo-Pelger) neutrophil. This is myelodysplasia with occasional tear drop cells. Clinical condition: myelodysplasia''
			</span>
	Poorly-formed but recognisable tear drop cell amongst many abnormal erythrocytes and hypogranular platelets. Note also the bi-lobed (pseudo-Pelger) neutrophil. This is myelodysplasia with occasional tear drop cells. Clinical condition: myelodysplasia



	<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >		<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
	File:TD5.jpg\|		File:TD5.jpg\|link={{filepath:TD5.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>


	'''''Clinical Image 3:'''		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
			'''''Clinical Image 3: '''A single well-formed tear drop cell. However, in this case there is also a primitive (blast) cell and a basophil present. Platelets also appear greatly increased. In this case the condition is again myelofibrosis although in this case the circulating blast cell should raise concern about possible transformation. Clinical condition: myelofibrosis''
	A single well-formed tear drop cell. However, in this case there is also a primitive (blast) cell and a basophil present. Platelets also appear greatly increased. In this case the condition is again myelofibrosis although in this case the circulating blast cell should raise concern about possible transformation. Clinical condition: myelofibrosis

	</span>		</span>

John at 09:21, 11 March 2023

2023-03-11T09:21:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:21, 11 March 2023
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	<div style="width: 95%; overflow: auto; border: 1px solid navy; font-size:100%">		<div style="width: 95%; overflow: auto; border: 1px solid navy; font-size:100%">
	{\| class="wikitable" style="color:~~navy~~; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="15"		{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="15"
	!colspan="1"\|'''Intrinsic bone marrow disease'''		!colspan="1"\|'''Intrinsic bone marrow disease'''
	\|-		\|-

John at 09:20, 11 March 2023

2023-03-11T09:20:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 11 March 2023
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	<gallery widths="~~180px~~" heights="~~180px~~" >		<gallery mode="nolines" widths="240px" heights="240px" border="1px" >
	File:TD1.png\|		File:TD1.png\|link={{filepath:TD1.png}}
			File:TD2.jpg\|link={{filepath:TD2.jpg}}
	</gallery>		</gallery>


	~~'''Image 1 Tear drop cell'''~~
	<~~div class~~="~~toccolours mw~~-~~collapsible mw-collapsed"~~ style="font-size 80%; ~~overflow:auto;"~~>		<span style="font-style:italic; font-size:90%;'' >
	~~The classic form – sometimes~~ described as having a “pinched top” but the resemblance to a tear drop is probably the best description. Note that the cell is otherwise a normal erythrocyte~~, so central~~ pallor is generally retained ~~and~~ that other abnormal features (e.g. basophilic stippling, crenation, hypochromia) may all also occur.		'''Imaages''': Sometimes described as having a “pinched top”, but the resemblance to a tear drop is probably the best description. Note that most often the cell is otherwise a normal erythrocyte. Central pallor is generally retained, but that other abnormal features (e.g. basophilic stippling, crenation, hypochromia) may all also occur. Features of infiltration or marrow hyperplasia may also be seen e.g. polychromasia, circulating nucleated red cells.
	</div>		</div>

	~~<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" >~~
	~~File:TD2.png\|200px\|~~
	~~</gallery>~~


	~~'''Image 2 Tear drop cell context'''~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size 80%; overflow:auto;">~~
	~~The tear drop cell is generally accompanied by other features of infiltration e.g. polychromasia, circulating nucleated red cells. There may also be other features of the primary underlying pathology.~~
	~~</div>~~

	----		----

John: Created page with "NOTOC '''Derivation:''' ''Descriptive plus Greek poikilos [varied]'' ---- '''Appearance''' The abnormal cells have the shape of a tear drop. File:TD1.png| '''Image 1 Tear drop cell'''
The classic form – sometimes described as having a “pinched top” but the resemblance to a tear drop is probably the best descr..."

2023-02-19T19:16:31Z

Created page with "__NOTOC__ '''Derivation:''' ''Descriptive plus Greek poikilos [varied]'' ---- '''Appearance''' The abnormal cells have the shape of a tear drop. <gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" > File:TD1.png| </gallery> '''Image 1 Tear drop cell''' <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size 80%; overflow:auto;"> The classic form – sometimes described as having a “pinched top” but the resemblance to a tear drop is probably the best descr..."

New page

__NOTOC__

'''Derivation:''' ''Descriptive plus Greek poikilos [varied]''

----

'''Appearance'''

The abnormal cells have the shape of a tear drop.

<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" >
File:TD1.png|
</gallery>

'''Image 1 Tear drop cell'''
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size 80%; overflow:auto;">
The classic form – sometimes described as having a “pinched top” but the resemblance to a tear drop is probably the best description. Note that the cell is otherwise a normal erythrocyte, so central pallor is generally retained and that other abnormal features (e.g. basophilic stippling, crenation, hypochromia) may all also occur.
</div>

<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" >
File:TD2.png|200px|
</gallery>

'''Image 2 Tear drop cell context'''
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size 80%; overflow:auto;">
The tear drop cell is generally accompanied by other features of infiltration e.g. polychromasia, circulating nucleated red cells. There may also be other features of the primary underlying pathology.
</div>

----

'''Significance'''

The tear drop appearance is strongly indicative of a “packed marrow”. This may be the result of infiltration by a disease process: e.g. fibrosis (primary or secondary) or neoplasm (carcinoma or haematological neoplasm). However, these cells may also arise where there is sustained or severe physiological increase in blood cell production (e.g. the expanded erythroid response to thalassaemia) may also case these cells to be produced. Other features suggesting infiltration or disease will generally be present, as may features suggesting a specific cause. Less frequent tear drop forms may arise in other systemic disease (see causes).

'''Pitfalls'''

Tear drop cells have a distinctive appearance and so while they may superficially resemble elliptocytes or ovalocytes, the are not usually confused with other cell types. The major point of importance is to make a careful examination of other cells that may provide clues as to why tear drop forms are present.

----

'''Causes'''

<div style="width: 95%; overflow: auto; border: 1px solid navy; font-size:100%">
{| class="wikitable" style="color:navy; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="15"
!colspan="1"|'''Intrinsic bone marrow disease'''
|-
|Primary myelofibrosis: often associated with prominent of frequent forms – look for other features of infiltration and characteristic changes to other blood cells.
|-
|Secondary marrow fibrosis (including carcinoma and TB; rarely congenital conditions)
|-
|Haematological malignancy – abnormal white cells will generally be present.
|-
!colspan="1"|Packed or extramedullary red cell formation
|-
|Predominantly thalassaemia, but also may occur in a range of haemoglobinopathies
|-
!colspan="1"|Particular dyserythropoietic disease states
|-
|Megaloblastic anaemia and myelodysplasia
|-
|}
</div>

----

'''Clinical Examples'''

<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
File:TD3.jpg|
</gallery>

'''Clinical Image 1:'''

Very frequent tear drop forms (including a very small one – centre overlying other cells). This is caused by myelofibrosis. The diagnosis cannot be made from this small field, but note very high frequency of tear drop forms that my be typical of this condition. Clinical condition: myelofibrosis

<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
File:TD4.jpg|
</gallery>

'''''Clinical Image 2:'''

Poorly-formed but recognisable tear drop cell amongst many abnormal erythrocytes and hypogranular platelets. Note also the bi-lobed (pseudo-Pelger) neutrophil. This is myelodysplasia with occasional tear drop cells. Clinical condition: myelodysplasia

<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" >
File:TD5.jpg|
</gallery>

'''''Clinical Image 3:'''

A single well-formed tear drop cell. However, in this case there is also a primitive (blast) cell and a basophil present. Platelets also appear greatly increased. In this case the condition is again myelofibrosis although in this case the circulating blast cell should raise concern about possible transformation. Clinical condition: myelofibrosis

</span>

----

'''Pathobiology'''

The precise mechanism by which tear drop cells are formed is unclear; there is a view that the cells represent the result of erythropoiesis occurring outside the normal marrow adhesive environment, although the “pitting function” of the spleen may also play a role in their formation.

----